Radio B92: Unbiased Civil War Coverage by Serbia’s Own :: Free Essays Online

Radio B92: Unbiased Civil War Coverage by Serbia’s Own Fair and impartial reporting of the Balkan wars in the 1990s was a difficult and lone venture. Almost all of the international media had their own biases due to their countries’ part in the war (through NATO or their proximity to the conflict), their acceptance of parts of Serbian government propaganda, or simply their overly exaggerated partialities against the Serbians because of a common belief that all Serbians were entirely responsible for the war. It is also widely accepted that Bosnia and Serbia’s media, if not influenced or controlled by the government and Milosevic, struggled greatly to remain independent – if that. So, throughout the conflict in the 1990's, Radio B92 was the only independent audio news source. It served as the principal alternative to the government controlled media, especially for the former Yugoslavia, but also to the biased international press. According to Jasminka Udovicki and James Ridgeway, the editors of a book about the fall of Yugoslavia titled Burn This House: The Making and Unmaking of Yugoslavia: It took almost a century, from the emergence of the South Slavic unification movement in the early nineteenth century to the end of World War I, to create Yugoslavia. It took only a few years to destroy it [. . .] Visions of national liberation and modernization brought the South Slavs [. . .] together at last in 1919. Seventy years later, a retrograde, mythical, antimodern vision tore them apart (11). The fall of Yugoslavia was brought about by brutal military force, but the energy needed to utterly dismantle the country was supplied by the political ethno-kitsch (1). An idea emerging here, one expressed by many, is that Yugoslavia may have been alright, or at least far better off and not torn apart if it were not for Milosevic’s means of gaining political power. While these factions did have their differences, they had coexisted for thousands of years before WWI and Tito, the former leader, was able to keep them together. This idea of â€Å"ethno-kitsch† began around 1987, and involved a sort of new taste for an almost vulgar fascination with Serbian nationalism. According to Udovicki and Ridgweway, it, â€Å"was everywhere in Serbia.† At the root of this â€Å"ethno-kitsch† in the late 1980s was a progressively growing perception that Serbian people had been wronged and were hated – completely undeservedly – by other ethnic groups in Yugoslavia.

Budweiser’s Internal Constraints

Budweiser is produced by Anheuser-Busch Companies (Anheuser-Busch), one of the world's largest brewers best known for its Budweiser and Bud Light brands. The group is a leading brewer and operates 12 breweries in the United States (Company Website, 2007). As a company, Anheuser-Busch’s internal constraints are as follows: 1. High dependence on domestic beer division Although the company operates through four business segments including domestic beer, international beer, packaging and entertainment it is still dependant on the domestic beer segment for majority of its revenue.During the fiscal year ending 2006, company generated approximately 74. 8% of its total revenue from the domestic beer segment. In contrast the other three segments accounted for only 25. 2 % of the total revenue during the same period. Strong dependence on a particular segment increases the business risk of the company thereby putting it in a competitive disadvantage (Anheuser-Busch Annual Report, 2006). This is why Anheuser-Busch is currently battling for a presence in China, the world’s largest beer market, as state owned breweries seek foreign help with privatization.In 2004, Anheuser-Busch outbid Miller for the Harbin Brewing Group of China (Modern Brewery Age, Weekly News Edition, June 14, 2004). This year, Anheuser-Busch may acquire Scottish & Newcastle's 37. 5% stake in India-based United Breweries. 2. ) Poor liquidity position Anheuser-Busch has substantial outstanding long-term debt. As of December 2006, the company had long term debt of approximately $7,653. 5 million. The company's debt equity ratio is 2. 2 times which is quite high as compared to industry average of 1. 3 times.The company's interest coverage ratio is 6. 2 as compared to industry average of 10. 1 times (Anheuser-Busch Annual Report, 2006). This ratio clearly signifies that the liquidity position of the company is bad and this would hamper company’s credibility in the market and would be diff icult for them to raise money from the market for their expansion plans. 3. ) High dependence on wholesalers Anheuser-Busch sells substantially all of its beer to independent wholesalers for distribution to retailers and ultimately consumers.During 2006, approximately 94% of the beer sold by the company, reached retail channels through more than 600 independent wholesalers (Anheuser-Busch Annual Report, 2006). In 2007, Anheuser-Busch was appointed as the United States importer for a number of the premium European brands of InBev (International Herald Tribune, 4 February 2008). Many of the wholesalers of these brands have not traditionally been wholesalers for Anheuser-Busch. As independent companies, wholesalers make their own business decisions that may not always align themselves with the company's interests.Dependence of the company on the wholesalers may affect the bargaining power of the company in the market, thus affecting its financial performance. Works Cited Anheuser-Busch . About the Company. Anheuser-Busch Website. 7 Feb. 2007. http://www. anheuser-busch. com/Company. html. Anheuser-Busch. Anheuser-Busch Annual Report, 2006. 7 Feb. 2007. http://www. anheuser-busch. com/Stock/2006AR_Anheuser_Busch. pdf. International Herald Tribune. InBev Linked with Mergers, 4 February 2008. Modern Brewery Age, Weekly News Edition. Anheuser is Victor in Harbin Bidding War, 14 June 2004.

Message confidentiality Essays

Message confidentiality Essays Message confidentiality Essay Message confidentiality Essay Secret key cryptography is also known as Symmetric Encryption. Here same key is used for both the Encryption and Decryption processes [1]. In this approach, sender and receiver both should know the algorithm to use and the secret key. Sender and receiver should be kept the key secret and they should obtain the key in a secured way [2]. Most commonly used secret key cryptography algorithms are DES, 3DES, RC4 etc [1]. In this test DES has been used to encrypt/decrypt an arbitrary message. Here Base64 encoding has also been used to encode the message. We know that, while sending SMTP e-mails with attachments normal text files can be attached in plain text format, but binary files (such as image files) cannot be attached in the same way. Binary files need some sort of encoding process to be attached with STMP mail. And the most widely used encoding is Base64 [3]. Description of DES algorithm DES Encryption Process DES has a very strong internal structure [2]. The following figure presents an overview of the DES encryption process. Figure 1: DES Encryption process In DES encryption process 2 inputs are provided to the encryption function: a 64 bit plain text and a 56 bit secret key. At first, the 64-bit plaintext is initially permuted. In the next step combination of a permutation and substitution function is executed 16 times, it makes 16 rounds. Left half and right half of the output from the last round are swapped and permuted again. This permutation is an inverse function of the initial permutation function. At last we get a 64 bit cipher text as an output of the whole process [2]. DES Decryption Process DES decryption process uses the same algorithm as DES encryption process. But in this case the application of the subkeys is reversed [2]. Strength of DES The main strength of DES is usage of 56 bit keys. For using 56-bit long keys the number of possible key is 256 and so the bruit force attack needs 255 attempts which is quite impractical to complete. So DES is strong against Brute force attack. It is also strong against Differential Cryptanalysis and Linear Cryptanalysis as they need 247 and 243 attempts respectively [4]. Base64 Data Representation Base64 data representation is based on a 64 character alphabet [3]. The alphabet is presented in the following table. Sequence Characters 0 25 A Z 26 51 a z 52 61 0 9 62 + 63 / Table 1: Base64 Alphabet A binary file is a series of zeros and ones [3]. These bits are represented with a 0 or 1 character. In Base64 data encoding at first the zeros and ones are grouped into sets of 6 characters. Then these blocks of bits are converted by a single character, which can be calculated from table 1. In this way 6 characters are replaced by a single one. Thus Base64 alphabet allows converting binary zeros and ones into a compressed and human readable format [3]. Description of the demo Programming Language Java Java has been used here to implement DES including Base64. Java has been chosen as it has some advantages such as it is open source, platform independent, and it has automatic memory management [5]. Besides, the Java platform has some built in packages that make cryptographic implementation easier. Source code Result of test run The test result was as follows. Conclusion According to Microsoft Confidentiality is the ability to keep a message unreadable by anyone other than the intended recipient; this is achieved through cryptography [6]. So here to achieve confidentiality DES algorithm has been used including Base64 encoding and also have successfully retrieved the original message by using decryption process. Reference: [1] Secret Key Cryptography, sequi. com/SEQUI_VPN_Glossary. htm [2] William Stallings, Cryptography and Network Security, 4th Edition (Nov 16, 2005), chap 3. [3] Randy Charles Morin, How to Base64 kbcafe. com/articles/HowTo. Base64. pdf

You Have the Right to Remain Silent Animal Rights Vs. The Need for Natural Products

You Have the Right to Remain Silent Animal Rights Vs. The Need for Natural Products Introduction: On the Relationships between People and Nature There is no need to mention the sad fact that the relationships between people and nature, including most of its elements, have been rather complicated, especially since the advent of technological progress and the consequent pollution issues.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on â€Å"You Have the Right to Remain Silent†: Animal Rights Vs. The Need for Natural Products specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More According to the humanist principles, animals must be granted the right to live, as well as the right to be treated in a humane way. However, in the late XX and early XXI century, with the progress of the humanist ideas peaking as they never have before, one of the aspects of the nature-vs.-nurture conflict has become especially debatable. Since in the age of democracy, it has become obvious that every single person has his/her own rights and freedoms, it h as been suggested that the concept of rights must be applicable not only to people, but also to every single living being, i.e., the animal world as well. Therefore, the given idea entails the prohibition of killing animals for the sake of fur, leather or food production (Fudge 75). Although modern technologies allow for creating artificial leather and fur, the problem of substituting meat remains open. Since most people are not ready to become vegetarian, giving animals an indefeasible right to live might be a hasty decision. From One Extreme to Another: From Beyond the Barricades It is worth admitting that both sides of the argument, i.e., the people who believe that animals should be given their indefeasible rights, as well as the people who do not consider it possible to provide animals with rights. To start with, the opinion of the proponents of animal rights crusade should be considered.Advertising Looking for essay on philosophy? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The reasons behind the actions of fighters for animal rights are quite simple. According to what the activists like PETA say, animals are living beings; they can feel pain, switch moods, display certain social behavior, and, therefore, must be provided with legal rights (Fox 203). Simple enough the given argument is still very convincing. The opponents of the fighters for animal rights often use the arguments of the latter to prove the point. According to what Cohen and Regan say, â€Å"for the advocates of animal rights in the strict sense, the utilitarian arguments of the ‘liberation’ camp are not only insecure but dangerous. In some cases, at last, the calculations of good and bad consequences of animal use is virtually certain to yield a result not favorable to the animals. But in such cases the liberationist defense of animals must collapse, resting as it does on the calculations of the worth of outcomes† (Cohen and Regan 8). It would be wrong, however, to consider that the arguments of those who are against providing animals with rights are restricted to nitpicking on the ideas of the animal rights proponents. As a rule, the key argument of the people who believe that animals do not need the human concept of rights is that in the animal kingdom, there is no concept of morality. Since rights arise in the sphere of the latter (Cohen and Regan 8), it can be considered that the concept of rights is inapplicable to any element of the animal kingdom, where morality as a notion does not exist and which is ruled by the key principle that only the strong survive (Jasper 170).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on â€Å"You Have the Right to Remain Silent†: Animal Rights Vs. The Need for Natural Products specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Another argument that the fighters for treating animals like animals provide to the organ izations like PETA is that animals are the only option for testing new medicine or conducting any other scientific experiments. Indeed, given the fact that there is no alternative to testing newly developed medicine on animals, providing animals with such rights as the right to live will ensue a number of murder cases if some of the experiments prove lethal. As a result, the newly created medicine will become less efficient and more dangerous to use, with a number of unpredictable side effects. As Cohen and Regan explain, The animal rights movement†¦ as I conceive it, is committed to a number of goals, including: the total abolition of the uses of animals in science; The total dissolution of commercial animal agriculture; The total elimination of commercial and sport hunting and trapping†¦ You don’t change unjust institutions by tidying them up. (Cohen and Regan 9) Finally, admitting animals to have legal rights will presuppose that animals will be â€Å"consider ed to have legal standing† (Fox 204), which, given the gap between the development of animals and people, is simply absurd. Therefore, the key reasoning provided by the opponents of the animal rights crusaders is that a) the concept of morals is inapplicable to animal world and 2) there is little to no alternative for the use of animals in medicine testing.Advertising Looking for essay on philosophy? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More My Opinion: Why Sustainable Approach Deserves to Be Applied Personally, I believe that the policy towards animals treatment must be less radical. To be more exact, it must be sustainable. To start with, it is crucial that animals should not be tortured in slaughterhouses and that the process of slaughter should be as quick and painless as possible. In addition, the laws concerning the maltreatment of animals must be revisited so that the people whose pets are being mistreated should be detected and that their pets should be taken to the animal shelter where they will be taken a proper care of. As for marketable fish, game birds, etc., there is no need to stress that people need these products to remain healthy. While protein can be obtained from the sources other than game bird and cattle, phosphorus contained in fish is not easy to replace with the phosphorus from any other sources. That being said, killing animals for the sake of providing people with the necessary minerals and vi tamins is inevitable, and no alternative for the given process has been found to this day (Hester and Harrison). Speaking of animals as resources various materials, such as fur, wool, leather, etc., one must mention that with the technological developments of the XXI century, providing the substitute for fur sand leather is relatively easy, which means that animals should not be used as the sources for various materials anymore. Once adopting the sustainable approach towards wild animals and providing the rules for treating domestic animals and pets in an appropriate way, setting the bar for the concept of â€Å"mistreatment,† one will be able to provide animals with their rights without infringing the rights of people. The Reasons for Holding the Universal Appeal: Why Giving Animals Rights Is not the Most Reasonable Idea The key idea that makes me choose the reasonable (i.e., sustainable) treatment of animals and a humanistic approach towards them instead of providing animal s with the rights that they deserve as much as people do is the fact that the need for animals to have rights comes from people’s concept of the universe. To be more exact, the problem is that these are not animals who demand their rights – these are people who demand rights for animals; the latter are not aware of the concept of rights at all. Therefore, the given situation can be regarded as an attempt to approach the principles of the animal world with the help of human morals, which is intrinsically wrong, seeing how animals do not have the concept of morals. As Fudge put it, Think for a moment about who asserts animals’ rights. Is it a laboratory rabbit, veal calf, or hunted fox? Not at all. Animal rights is exclusively asserted by society and it is intended to restrain human practices. It says that animals are morally the same as humans, and then asks humans to treat them as if they were human; it is up to us to struggle for animal rights because animals c annot fend for themselves. (Fudge 50) Therefore, it is impossible to approach the idea of animal rights from people’s perspective. Truly, in the light of the fact that people are equipped much better than animals, they should be more responsible about the means that they choose to build relationships with nature. However, there is a great difference between acknowledging the weakness of animals and, thus, being more responsible towards the wildlife and claiming that people have no rights to use animals for medicine testing, producing food, etc. Therefore, it is necessary not to be cruel towards animals, yet, unless an alternative for meat and medicine testing is provided, claiming that animals must not be killed will come at a price of many people’s lives. The Possible Objections: What Both Camps Have to Say It must be admitted that both camps will argue against the solution that I have provided. The fighters for animal rights will point at the fact that my solution pr esuppose treating animals as a resource instead of considering them beings with rights. Although the provided solution does allow to avoid cruelty in treating animals, it still fails to recognize their rights for the reasons mentioned above. The supporters of the idea that animals cannot have rights will consider the given solution as restrictive in that it does not allow to satisfy the tastes of people who would like to cater not only on tuna, but also on more exotic types of fish or animals and to enjoy natural fur. Therefore, their key argument may be that the provided solution infringes people’s rights, i.e., cares about animals better than it cares about people. In Response to the Counterarguments: Reasonability and Adequacy The latter argument can be argued by mentioning the fact that, though renewable, a number of natural resources, such as various species of animals, bird and fish, are endangered due to overconsumption. Therefore, it is in the interests of gourmets to abstain from eating exotic animals for a couple of years until certain species replenish their population. Hence, the provided solution takes both the interests of people and animals into account. As for the former argument, biologically, the human race is superior to any other species on the Earth, which means that people as superior beings must take care of animals instead of taking the campaign of animal rights to its absurd point. In addition, the issue concerning medicine testing, unfortunately enough, still remains open, which means that while other solutions are being sought for, animals will be used for experiments. Cohen, Carl and Tom Regan. The Animal Rights Debate. Lanham, MD: Rowman Littlefield, 2001. Print. Fox, Michael Allen. The Case for Animal experimentation: An Evolutionary and Ethical Perspective. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1986. Print. Fudge, Erica. Animal. London, UK: Reaktion Books, 2002. Print. Hester, Ronald Ernest and Roy M. Harrison. A lternatives to animal Testing. Cambridge, UK: The Royal Society of Chemistry, 2006. Print. Jasper, James. The Art of Moral Protest: Culture, Biography and Creativity in Social Movements. Chicago, IL: The University of Chicago Press, 1997. Print.

Native American Music and Dance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Native American Music and Dance - Essay Example Powwows, being a cultural display, are meticulously formed depictions, performances, or articulations of Native American past and contemporary reality as they want to express it. Organizing the occasion-- establishing the rules and regulations, registering partakers, and putting in order the activities (Heth 1992)— gives order and furnishes significance to this community gathering. The pan-Indian or supra-tribal feature of the powwow has encouraged scholars, especially anthropologists, to ridicule its recognition among early Indian cultures because they are anxious that it may displace culture-oriented rituals or practices (Heth 1992). Others perceive it as the only Native American blueprint evident in the life of several regional or ethnic groups. The Waccamaw Sioux’s powwow rites (Ellis, Lassiter, & Dunham 2005, 294) present a possibility of taking into account how performance and ceremonies characterize their identity in present-day American culture. Powwows are a vi tal link between non-Indians and Native Americans, even though numerous conflicts and issues should be addressed so as to build and sustain this cultural connection. Powwows are a quite intricate kind of communication on multiple extents, from the individual to the collective to the political (Ellis & Lassiter 2005).... Some anthropologists, according to Koskoff (2005), also deal with the themes of intertribal support, pan-Indianism, and diverse identity. There is unfortunately insufficient literature on Native American powwows and there is no scholarship which deals with the entire intricacy of powwows and their function in Native America. Even though there are more and more scholarly works proclaiming powwows of Native America and taking into account occasions, and there are currently several accurate children’s literature dedicated to the images and sounds of the powwows and the participants, and there are a number of pictures which comprise the issues of the subject (Ellis & Lassiter 2005), there is still inadequate systematic and critical literature on the issue. As stated by Toelken (1991) in his work Ethnic Selection and Intensification in the Native American Powwow (as cited in Stern & Cicala 1991, 137): â€Å"Perhaps because their participants seem to be having fun instead of playin g to the white stereotype of Indian stoicism†¦ the contemporary intertribal powwow, an increasingly popular vernacular dance expression among Native Americans, has not been given much attention by scholars, even though it has become one of the most common articulations of ‘Indianness’ among Indians today.† Kiowa Song As the language of Kiowa keeps on weakening in its commonplace usage, a song is surfacing as a leading representation for expressing the identity and legacy of the Kiowa people. However, a song cannot be deprived of its storyline perspective; specifically, for numerous Kiowa singers, narrative is entirely important for interpreting songs (May & Hood 1983). Without a narrative, a song is only a cacophony of sound; nevertheless, with a narrative, sound

Acc project Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Acc project - Assignment Example The firm should also consider if it is within the maximum and minimum prices implied in the industry. The price of $3.70 should be neither beyond nor below the set maximum and minimum prices. Factors that to be considered about the market campaigns are the quality of the marketing campaign, whether it will accomplish the objectives of carrying it out. The method used to carry it out. Two methods of market campaigns are through either the media or using written forms like banners and pamphlets. The duration of the marketing, campaign and lastly, effectiveness and competence of the staff used in the campaign are paramount. Alternative two was to accept an offer from an overseas customer to purchase units at a cost of $3.00 each, and this would lead to additional administration cost of $5,000. The various factors to consider are The customer loyalty, this is very crucial as it prevents the issue of bad debts and losses from the sale. Some elements to consider in this case are; whether the customer pays his debts on time, and the duration that he has been in the company, and lastly the amount of goods that he normally purchases. The customer is overseas and therefore the management should determine the cost of exporting the goods to him according to the custom duty regulations. The cost of packaging is relevant. Packaging of the goods should be using the safest method to avoid the goods being damaged during transit and in a way that the customer has

Netflix distraction Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Netflix distraction - Research Paper Example There are differing view on the subject where a few argue that distractions are quite unhealthy for humans and must be avoided to pertain one`s focus, however, others argue that what makes the humans different from robots are these distractions which turn out to play the role of replenishing the humans out of their dull busy routines. In this context, Freud may be quoted, since he is considered to be the father of psychoanalysis. He was of the view that human happiness is concerned with avoiding pain and pursuing pleasures; and the best way to achieve that is through distractions. These distractions may be perceived as a vacation away from routine, some refreshing music, a movie, venting out with peers, talking a long walk or other activities which may take one`s mind off from the routine. Nowadays, with the incorporation of technology in almost every aspect of social life, especially with the advent of digital media, distraction is more often being considered as divulgence in the di gital life. For this reason, the paper will use Netflix as a positive distraction to expand upon the significance of Netflix as an aspect of life which isn`t just undeniable, rather proves to be quite healthy for the human body. In this context, it is crucial to understand distractions in general and their placement in the human behavioral patterns. Distraction can actually be quite a useful tool once an individual is off to the baseline. Especially when distressful situations are at play, one must converge towards distractions in an attempt to avoid permanent damage to the system. The tools which the psychologists recommend in such a scenario are related towards positive reflections, body sensations, bringing a change in one`s routine and divulging in constructively distracting behavior. However, distraction must not be confused with meaningless endeavors for long intervals. Rather, distraction by virtue of